Πυρηνική ενέργεια στην Ελλάδα

[MNP-10]

Japan's tsunami-crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant is facing yet another emergency as highly radioactive groundwater appears to have risen above an underground barrier meant to contain it.

The head of the country's Nuclear Regulatory Authority task force Shinji Kinjo told Reuters on Monday that the leak was an emergency, but he was worried the plant's operator, TEPCO, had no sense of how to deal with it.

He went on to say the highly radioactive groundwater is likely seeping into the sea.
In a recent news conference, TEPCO General manager Masayuki Ono said the situation was bleak.

"We understand that this discharge is beyond our control and we do not think the current situation is good."

To prevent further leaks, plant workers are injecting chemicals to create an underground barrier to block groundwater from leaking out to the ocean. But experts say the barrier may not be enough as it needs certain conditions to solidify. A retired nuclear engineer who worked on several TEPCO nuclear plants says the company is out of its depth.

"The situation is already beyond what TEPCO can handle. They are doing everything they can but there are no perfect solutions."

Some Japanese media outlets have predicted the contaminated water could breach the ground surface in the matter of just a few weeks. Just last week, TEPCO estimated a cumulative 20 to 40 trillion becquerels of radioactive tritium may have leaked into the sea since the nuclear disaster some two-and-a-half years ago.

....οι τυποι δεν εχουν το Θεο τους... ριχνουν ολο το ραδιενεργο νερο στη θαλασσα.

[anon]

Kαι υπάρχουν ακόμα θερμοί υποστηρικτές της πυρηνικής... Κάπου διάβασα ότι ψάρεψαν ψάρια σε μεγάλη απόσταση απο τις ακτές της Φουκοσίμα, πολλές δεκάδες χιλιόμετρα, με μεγάλα επίπεδα ραδιενέργειας. Φανταστείτε ένα σενάριο σε μια κλειστή θάλασσα σαν την Μεσόγειο!

Ελπίζω μόνο οι πυρηνικοί αντιδραστήρες θορίου, οι οποίοι όπως λέν οι επιστήμονες δεν έχουν τα "κακά" συνεπακόλουθα των πυρηνικών αντιδραστήρων ουρανίου να προχωρήσουν, και ναναι και φθηνότεροι και το θόριο υπάρχει παντού σχεδόν, όχι όπως το ουράνιο που ειναι ελεγχόμενη και ακριβή η παραγωγή του. Τουλάχιστον μέχρι να γίνει οικονομική βιώσιμη η σύντηξη.

[famous-walker]

Άλλο ένα ενδιαφέρον άρθρο απο έναν επιστήμονα που θεωρείται αντισυμβατικός. Ασχέτως αν κάποιος συμφωνεί ή όχι με την προσέγγιση του υπάρχουν αρκετά σημαντικά στοιχεία στο άρθρο.

I recently pointed out, this operation has to go on forever - a long sickness, but at least not a sudden death. However, this week begins a new development in the potential sudden death department.

There is a curious and bizarre reversal of the natural at Fukushima: a looking-glass world inversion. Unlike the standard marine catastrophe, for example the Titanic, where the need is to manically pump water out of the ship to stop it sinking, at Fukushima the game is to madly pump water in, in order to stop it melting down and exploding.

Probably because it is now clear that the saturation of the ground from all the pumping water for cooling the several reactors and spent fuel pools has destabilized the foundations of the buildings, TEPCO is bringing forward its operation to try and deal with what is perhaps the most dangerous of the four sites, the spent fuel pond of Reactor 4. For this pond contains a truly enormous amount of radioactive material: 1,331 spent fuel grids amounting to 228.3 tons of Uranium and Plutonium buried inside a swimming pool which has already dried out once and exploded. That explosion blasted a significant, but unknown, quantity of lethally radioactive bits and pieces of fuel element around the site (where I heard they were bulldozed into the ground - who knows?), but it also blew the top off the building, covered the fuel elements under the water with rubble and pieces of crane machinery, and no doubt twisted and melted a large proportion of the remaining spent fuel.

The operation involves the kind of game that we are all familiar with in those machines in penny arcades. You know the ones. You stick in some coins. You have levers which manipulate a claw which you position over a teddy bear or a doll and then you let this down, pick the item up and drop it down a chute to win it. In the TEPCO version of this game, you build a crane over the spent fuel tank (or what’s left of it) and manoeuver a grab down into the rubble to deftly pick out a spent fuel assembly, like a 4.5meter long and 24cm square birdcage containing the zirconium metal clad fuel elements, each unit weighing about one third of a ton.

Of course, to make the game more interesting, they are not just sitting there like they were when the tank was being used. They are under water (sea water), covered in debris, corroded, busted, twisted, intertwined and generally impossible to deal with. And here is the really scary thing: if you manage to bust a fuel element, the best outcome is that huge amounts of radioactivity escape into the air and blow over Japan, just like before. The worst outcome is when two of these things get too close, perhaps because in pulling one out it breaks and falls against another one in the tank. Because then you suddenly have lots of fission, a lot of heat, a meltdown, possibly a big blast like before, and the destruction of the entire cooling pond. Or else the water boils off and the whole thing catches fire.

Then what happens? Not quite Armageddon, but as far as Japan is concerned, almost. I bet they have contingency plans to evacuate the northern island to Korea, China, anywhere. A lot of this radiation will end up in the USA, a long way downwind, admittedly, but then there is an awful lot of radioactivity involved.

Let me lead you through what the spent fuel pond of Reactor 4 contains in the way of radionuclides. I was taken to task after my last article for not listing enough of the radionuclide contaminants. So for the record, though some may find it boring, let me remedy that. It is an impressive list of lethal material:

Strontium-89, Strontium-90, Yttrium-90, Zirconium-95, Niobium-95, Ruthenium-106, Rhodium-106, Antimony-125, Iodine-131, Xenon-133, Caesium-137, Caesium-134, Cerium-144 (loads of this), Protoactinium-147, Europium-154, Plutonium-238, 239, 240, 241, Americium (Yes)-241 and 243, Curium-242,243,244, and of course Uranium 238,235 and 234.

These are the main ones. There are a lot more, and decay daughters of these also. It is a scary amount of invisible death. The total quantity of all these in the spent fuel pool of reactor 4 is about 1021 Becquerels, if we leave out the noble gases and iodines maybe 1020 (that is, 1 with 20 zeroes). Maybe 50 to 100 Chernobyl accidents worth, or more depending on what you believe came out of Chernobyl.

I list these because it should be made quite clear that the concentration of the media on the radio-caesiums and plutoniums and iodines is a very partial story. More discourse manipulation.
What lies within

Which brings me to another aspect of this grim piece of contemporary history. My expertise is in the health effects of internal radionuclides: what happens when these substances I list above get into human beings. Just after the Fukushima catastrophe I made a calculation and a prediction based on the scientific model of the European Committee on Radiation Risk (ECRR). I presented it at the German Society for Radioprotection/ ECRR conference in Berlin in May 2011.

This showed that there would be some 200,000 extra cancers in roughly 10 million population in the 200km radius of the site in the next 10 years, and 400,000 over 50 years. The current risk model adhered to and employed by the Japanese government is that of the International Commission of Radiological Protection, the ICRP. This predicts that no detectable cancers will be seen as a result of the “very low doses” received by the population.

It is this nonsense that allows them to say it is safe to live in contaminated areas so long as the annual “dose” is lower than about 20mSv and to refuse to evacuate the children from such places. The ECRR has predicted and explained all the increased rates of illness seen after the Chernobyl accident in the contaminated territories and of course predicts that the first effects will be increases in thyroid cancer in children, just like Chernobyl. But the ICRP and those employing its model deny there are such effects in Chernobyl: the problems there are due to vodka, radiophobia etc. Or that the children in Belarus who did develop thyroid cancer were iodine deficient. So in effect, Fukushima is a test of the two models. A test which has now begun.

It was reported recently that a survey of thyroid conditions in young people age 0-18 by Fukushima Medical University found 12 confirmed cases and 15 suspected cases of thyroid cancer in 178,000 individuals screened. This is in a two-year period. The 2005 Japanese national incidence rate for thyroid cancer aged 0-18 is given in a recent peer reviewed report as 0.0 per 100,000. That is to say there are no cases. Let me be generous and say that the annual rate per 100,000 is 0.05. That means in the last two years we would expect 0.18 cases: we actually see at minimum 12 cases but most likely 27 cases.

In epidemiology we calculate the excess risk as 27/0.18 which is 150 times the expected rate. Japan Times tells us “Researchers at Fukushima Medical University, which has been taking the leading role in the study, have said they do not believe the most recent cases are related to the nuclear crisis.” Right, that’s OK then. This must have been a random cluster, unluckily, but coincidentally near Fukushima, a source of radioiodine which is a known cause of thyroid cancer.
The risk model

The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, UNSCEAR would agree. Also the World Health Organization (since 1959 part of the International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] as far as research into radiation and health is concerned). In its preliminary report on Fukushima Health effects, issued in 2012, it states that the maximum thyroid dose was 35mSv and that most received a lot less. On the basis of the ICRP model you would not expect (says radiation and health supremo Dr. Wolfgang Weiss) to see what is clearly happening: an accelerating thyroid cancer epidemic, worse than and earlier than the Chernobyl thyroid cancer epidemic.

It is one more piece of evidence that the current ICRP risk model, employed by the Japanese (and all other world governments) is totally wrong and unsafe and must urgently be abandoned. Internal radiation exposure, as the ECRR approach shows, cannot be assessed by the simple concept of ‘Absorbed Dose’. For those who want a more technical explanation you can see my recent article.

I met Weiss in 2011 at a conference of radiation research in Paris which he was running. At this MELODI conference I took the microphone and told the 650 delegates that the ICRP model was dead in the water and its use continued to kill the people it was intended to protect. I was pursued up the aisle by the Chair, Dr. Sisko Salomaa (of the Finnish Radiation Protection organization STUK), to wrestle the microphone away from the dangerous lunatic Busby.

But Weiss, Salomaa, and the other radiation agency apparatchiks well know that the ICRP and the other global radiation protection agencies UNSCEAR, IAEA and WHO are run by people (like themselves) who are not experts on internal radiation pollution and health, and rarely have any real hands-on research expertise. They rely exclusively on the Hiroshima bomb studies which ignored internal radiation, the black rain of uranium that affected the controls outside the city and the control entrants after the bomb.

I have checked out their research publications: it is just the case. Ask them. Their job has been - and still is - to protect, not the public, but the nuclear industry and the military. After Chernobyl, some of them turned up in Kiev when I was there in 2000 and talked down the effects of the radiation. Watch them in action here. By 2005, these Chernobyl cancer effects were turning up in Europe. One study in Sweden by Martin Tondel found an 11 percent excess cancer risk for every 100kBq/sq metre of caesium-137 contamination. Tondel was swiftly dealt with by his boss, Lars Erik Holm, one-time head of ICRP and now Medical Officer of Health of Sweden (Yes).

Again and again, these agencies and their spokespersons have denied what was in front of their very eyes. Billions of dollars are poured into cancer research, research on radiation, but any attempt to carry out epidemiological studies of those exposed to internal radiation, from depleted uranium in Iraq, to Chernobyl contamination, to the shores of the massively-contaminated Baltic Sea have been turned down for funding. I know. I applied with colleagues from Latvia Technical University and from the Karolinska Institute to look at cancer on the shores of the Baltic; no way were we going to be allowed to even get the data, let alone be funded.

As more evidence emerges from this ghastly inadvertent Fukushima experiment, we will see more and more that we have governments and radiation agencies who are wielding unsafe and incorrect scientific assessments of reality. Additionally, we have what might become one of the most serious global public health events of human history being overseen by a private profit-making company, TEPCO, with no good track record of competence or believability.

And appropriately, in this looking-glass world, in a bizarre echo of these two inversions of justice and democracy, we have a sinking ship that can only be saved by pumping water into it.

What are we going to do with these people who have let us down, who are letting us down? They all should be put into a court and tried and sent to jail for what are effectively war crimes, in this new war, the invisible genetic poisoning of the planet and its innocent inhabitants.

Christopher Busby from the European Committee on Radiation Risks for RT

[PetrosK]

Εξαιρετικό, στην ουσία του, άρθρο αν και στερείται στοιχείων/τεκμηρίωσης -χωρίς αυτό να σημαίνει απαραίτητα πως δεν έχει βάση.

Από εκεί και πέρα, όταν όποιος έχει το καρπούζι έχει και το μαχαίρι...

[famous-walker]

Εν τω μεταξύ στο Βιλαμπάχο...

by James Corbett / theinternationalforecaster.com / September 4, 2013

Bad news emerged from the stricken Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan’s northeast this week as TEPCO—-the Tokyo Electric Power Company that owns and operates the plant—-admitted discovering four areas of high radiation near the storage tanks where radioactive water is being held. Although two of the hotspots had already been known, the latest results found that the radiation readings were 18 times higher than previously measured. Headlines in numerous mainstream publications have asserted this is an 1800% jump in radiation at the site, but in fact it may be much worse. The equipment that was used to test the hotspots previously was only capable of measuring up to 100 mSv/hour of radiation, and consequently registered the radioactive areas as being 100 mSv/hr. When equipment was brought in capable of reading up to 10,000 mSv/hour, it was discovered that the areas were actually emitting 1800 mSv/hour of radiation, a dose large enough to kill an exposed human in four hours. It has since risen to a record 2200 mSv/hour. Japanese law limits radiation exposure for nuclear workers to 50 mSv/year.

This is only the latest setback for the plant. Since May, levels of radioactive tritium in the seawater surrounding Fukushima have been steadily rising, reaching their highest readings yet in mid-August. Then late last month TEPCO admitted that a storage tank had leaked 300 tons of water that was emitting an unprecedented 80 million Becquerels of radiation per litre, compared to the norm of 150 Bq. Although the Japanese Nuclear Regulatory Authority originally classified the leak a “Level One” or “anomalous” event on the International Nuclear Event Scale, they were forced to immediately raise that to “Level Three” or “serious radiation incident” when the scale of the leak became apparent.

Now the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Shunichi Tanaka, is adding fuel to the fire. Commenting on the enormous amounts of radioactive water that continue to be generated at the plant on a daily basis, Tanaka admitted earlier this week that “I’m afraid that it is unavoidable to dump or release the water into the sea,” adding that the water currently being stored on site will be discharged into the ocean once it has been purified to levels that are recognized as “safe” under international standards. Now the Japanese government is planning to commit $473 million to the clean-up efforts, including building an underground “ice wall” to attempt to stop contaminated water from the melted reactors mixing with the groundwater around the plant.

Meanwhile, a ban on fishing off the coast of Fukushima has been reinstated after being lifted last year. This comes on the back of more worrying reports that 6 more children in Fukushima Prefecture were diagnosed with thyroid cancer since May, bringing the total to 18 since the crisis began.

Now, in one of the latest signs of how thoroughly the situation has been mishandled, a group of Fukushima residents are suing the Japanese government for failing to provide medical and housing assistance that had been promised by law last year. The aid was supposed to be delivered to those living in zones of high radiation that were not designated as evacuation zones, but the 19 plaintiffs are alleging that the government has not even drawn up the guidelines necessary to deliver the assistance.

Και το πιο σημαντικό για όσους βαριούνται να διαβάσουν:

Although two of the hotspots had already been known, the latest results found that the radiation readings were 18 times higher than previously measured. Headlines in numerous mainstream publications have asserted this is an 1800% jump in radiation at the site, but in fact it may be much worse. The equipment that was used to test the hotspots previously was only capable of measuring up to 100 mSv/hour of radiation, and consequently registered the radioactive areas as being 100 mSv/hr. When equipment was brought in capable of reading up to 10,000 mSv/hour, it was discovered that the areas were actually emitting 1800 mSv/hour of radiation, a dose large enough to kill an exposed human in four hours. It has since risen to a record 2200 mSv/hour. Japanese law limits radiation exposure for nuclear workers to 50 mSv/year.

[anon]

Οσο και να προσπαθείς, πάντα θα υπάρχει η πιθανότητα ενός πυρηνικού ατυχήματος σε πυρηνικό εργοστάσιο. Είτε κάποιος εργαζόμενος (ανθρώπινος παράγοντας) είτε κάποια φυσικό αίτιο που δεν είχε υπολογισθεί (πχ κάνεις για σεισμό μέχρι 7 ρίχτερ και σου κάνει σεισμό 8 ρίχτερ... Πάρτα...) Και όσο ανεβάζεις τον πήχη αξιοπιστίας, ανεβάζεις ΔΡΑΜΑΤΙΚΑ το κόστος, πράγμα που στο τέλος κάνει τελείως μα τελείως αντιοικονομική την πυρηνική πρόταση ( αν θέλεις τόσο μεγάλη αξιοπιστία ).

ΑΡΑ;

Η΄κάνεις απερίγραπτα αξιόπιστα πυρηνικά εργοστάσια, αλλά το κόστος θα φτάσει τόσο ψηλά, που οποιαδήποτε άλλη μορφή ενέργειας θαναι τάξεις μεγέθους οικονομικότερη, ή το παίζεις κορώνα γράμματα και ότι σου τύχει. Οπως στην Φουκοσίμα. Που αποδεικνύει ότι ένα πυρηνικό ατύχημα δεν είναι μια ανεμογεννήτρια που σπάσανε τα πτερύγια, ή γκρεμίστηκε ολόκληρη (και σιγά τα ωά στην συγκεκριμένη περίπτωση). Εαν πας σε μεγάλη αξιοπιστία, με μεγάλο κόστος, τότε γιατί δεν πας εξαρχής σε ΑΠΕ, θα σου βγεί και φθηνότερα, αλλά θα έχεις εξαλλείψει και το έστω πολύ πολύ μικρό ποσοστό πιθανότητας πυρηνικού ατυχήματος.

Αρα σε κάθε περίπτωση, τα πυρηνικά εργοστάσια είναι lose-lose περίπτωση. Εκτός ίσως τα νέα με θόριο που λένε ότι δεν θα έχουν τέτοια έκτροπα, που όμως οι μεγάλες εταιρίες και κράτη σκοπίμως τα σνόμπαραν μέχρι τώρα, μιας και δεν μπορούν να ελέγξουν την παραγωγή θορίου (υπάρχει παντού) όπως γίνεται με το ουράνιο. Και φυσικά στο μέλλον τους αντιδραστήρες σύντηξης.

[famous-walker]

Λοιπόν μερικές εξελίξεις μαζεμένες για όσους παρακολουθούν το θέμα.

Ένα μέρος των εργασιών μεταφοράς των ράβδων καυσίμου (κοντά στο 8%) του αντιδραστήρα 4 ολοκληρώθηκε.

Spoiler:

http://nuclear.energy-business-revie...ransfer-221113
Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) has transported 22 fuel assemblies from the Unit 4 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan.

Loaded into a cask, the fuel assemblies were transferred from the crippled reactor building to the nearby common pool building at the power plant for safe storage.

The extraction of fuel from the Unit 4 spent fuel pool will pause shortly for a scheduled safety review of procedures and methods, whereas any necessary refinements are scheduled to be implemented in the next rounds of extractions.

The removal of all fuel inside the Unit 4 spent fuel pool is anticipated to take until the end of 2014.

Representing one of the three Fukushima reactors that were damaged in the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, the reactor 4 features more than 1,500 nuclear fuel rods in the storage pool, as reported earlier by China Central Television.

Το δύσκολο κομμάτι όμως είναι ακόμα μπροστά καθώς φαίνεται ότι η TEPCO παραδέχτηκε ότι υπήρχαν ζημιές σε 80 assemblies καυσίμου προ ατυχήματος!

Ταυτόχρονα ανησυχίες εκφράζονται για το decomissioning των αντιδραστήρων καθώς η τεχνολογία δεν υπάρχει και τα χαρακτηριστικά του προβλήματος διαφέρουν σε σχέση με τα δύο άλλα γνωστά ατυχήματα.

Spoiler:

http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories...MPLATE=DEFAULT
TOKYO (AP) -- It's costly, risky and dependent on technologies that have yet to be fully developed. A decades-long journey filled with unknowns lies ahead for Japan, which took a small step this week toward decommissioning its crippled Fukushima nuclear power plant.

Nobody knows exactly how much fuel melted after the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami knocked out cooling systems. Or where exactly the fuel went - how deep and in what form it is, somewhere at the bottom of reactor Units 1, 2 and 3.

The complexity and magnitude of decommissioning the Fukushima Dai-ichi plant is more challenging than Three Mile Island or Chernobyl, say experts such as Lake Barrett, a former U.S. regulator who directed the Three Mile Island cleanup and now is an outside adviser to Fukushima operator Tokyo Electric Power Co.

One core melted at Three Mile Island in 1979, versus three at Fukushima, and it didn't leak out of the containment chamber, the outer vessel that houses the reactor core. At Fukushima, multiple hydrogen explosions caused extensive damage, blowing the roofs off three reactor buildings and spewing radiation over a wide area.

Chernobyl was a worse accident in terms of radiation emitted, but authorities chose an easier solution: entombing the facility in cement.

At Fukushima, TEPCO plans a multi-step process that is expected to take 40 years: Painstakingly removing the fuel rods in storage pools, finding and extracting the melted fuel within the broken reactors, demolishing the buildings and decontaminating the soil.

"This is a much more challenging job," Barrett said during a recent visit to Japan. "Much more complex, more difficult to do."

Also, water must continuously be channeled into the pools and reactor cores to keep the fuel cool. Tons of contaminated water leaks out of the reactors into their basements, some of it into the ground.

Uncertainty runs high as Japan has never decommissioned a full-size commercial reactor, even one that hasn't had an accident. TEPCO has earmarked about 1 trillion yen ($10 billion) for the decommissioning, and says it will agree to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's request to set aside another 1 trillion yen to fight water leaks.

The government itself has contributed or promised 145 billion yen, and is expected to step up its involvement in the years to come, following criticism over its lack of support and growing concern that the technical and funding challenges are beyond TEPCO's capabilities.

TEPCO began removing fuel rods Monday from a storage pool at Unit 4, whose building was severely damaged but didn't have a meltdown because the fuel had been removed from the core for maintenance. In an underwater operation, 22 of the 1,533 sets of fuel rods in a pool on the building's top floor were transferred to a cask that will be used to move them to safer storage. By 2018, the utility hopes to remove all 3,100 fuel assemblies from storage pools at the four damaged units.

After that would come the real challenge: removing melted or partially melted fuel from the three reactors that had meltdowns, and figuring out how to treat and store it so it won't heat up and start a nuclear reaction again.

"This is an unprecedented task that nobody in the world has achieved. We still face challenges that must be overcome," said Hajimu Yamana, a Kyoto University nuclear engineer who heads a government-affiliated agency that is overseeing technological research and development for the cleanup.

Closing the holes and cracks in the containment vessels is the biggest hurdle in the decommissioning process, experts say. Every opening must be found and sealed to establish a closed cooling system. Then, under the current plan, the next step would be to fill the reactor vessels with water and examine the melted fuel.

Because of still fatally high radiation levels, the work will have to rely on remote-controlled robots for years. Scientists are developing robots to spot leaks, monitor radiation levels and carry out decontamination. They are also developing robots that can detect holes and fill them with clay.

Among them is a camera-loaded swimming robot that can go underwater to spot holes and cracks, and another one that can go into ducts and pipes.

Computer simulations show the melted fuel in Unit 1, whose core damage was the most extensive, has breached the bottom of the primary containment vessel and even partially eaten into its concrete foundation, coming within about 30 centimeters (one foot) of leaking into the ground.

"We just can't be sure until we actually see the inside of the reactors," Yamana said. "We still need to develop a number of robots and other technology."

Three Mile Island needed only a few robots, mainly for remote-controlled monitoring, sampling and handling debris, as the melted fuel remained in the core. Manned entry was possible a little more than a year after the accident.

Some experts say Japan's current decommissioning plan is too ambitious. They counsel waiting until contamination levels come down, and even contemplate building a shell around the reactors for the time being, as at Chernobyl.

"I doubt if Fukushima Dai-ichi's full decommissioning is possible. Its contamination is so widespread," said Masashi Goto, a nuclear engineer who designed the Unit 3 reactor and now teaches at Meiji University in Tokyo. "We should not rush the process, because it means more exposure to workers. Instead, we should wait and perhaps even keep it in a cement enclosure."

Others say the Chernobyl solution wouldn't be effective, noting that the reactor was a different type without massive water leaks. Developing expertise during the operation is also important to Japan, which has dozens of reactors that face eventual retirement and is considering turning decommissioning into a viable business at home, and possibly in a growing global market.

"If you just put concrete over this, groundwater still will be flowing and things like that, and you have an uncontrolled situation," Barrett said. "I just don't see that as a plausible option."

Only a small test reactor had been successfully scrapped in Japan, with five others now being decommissioned - two experimental and three commercial. The furthest along is Tokai Power Station's No. 1 reactor, which is 15 years into a planned 22-year process.

Japan also has to worry about future natural disasters.

"There will be many more earthquakes and typhoons," Goto said. "I hope these plans won't fail, but we might just have to pray."

Τέλος η κυβέρνηση προωθεί νομοσχέδιο όπου οι δημόσιοι υπάλληλοι που θα θεωρούνται υπαίτιοι για την διαρροή πληροφοριών (whistle-blowers) θα αντιμετωπίζουν φυλάκιση μέχρι 10 έτη.

[Nozomi]

Ένα θετικό side effect της όλης ιστορίας έγκειται στην ανάπτυξη της απαραίτητης ρομποτικής τεχνολογίας για να πραγματοποιηθεί το decommissioned, και η οποία θα χρειαστεί σίγουρα κάπου αλλού.

[anon]

Και ένα ακόμη θέμα, το κόστος decomissioning, που εντέχνως οι θιασώτες της πυρηνικής τεχνολογίας και σκοπιμως παραβλέπουν, που ειναι μεγαλύτερο και απο το κόστος κατασκευής του αντιδραστήρα. Είναι ένα θέμα, που το κρύβουν κάτω απο το χαλάκι, αφήνοντας το στις μελλοντικές γενιές να το κάνουν... Ισως φιλοδοξούν ότι στο μέλλον θα ανακαλυφθεί κάποια τεχνολογία σούπερ ντούπερ ουάου παμφθηνη, που θα κάνει το κόστος decomissioning ψίχουλα.

[Nozomi]

Διόλου ευχάριστα τα νέα απ' την άλλη πλευρά του Αιγαίου.

Συμφωνία Τουρκίας-Ιαπωνίας για εμπλουτισμό ουρανίου και εξαγωγή πλουτωνίου!

08/01/2014

Έγκριτη ιαπωνική εφημερίδα αποκάλυψε μυστικό όρο για τον εμπλουτισμό ουρανίου και την εξαγωγή πλουτωνίου στη σύμβαση κατασκευής του δεύτερου πυρηνικού εργοστασίου της Τουρκίας.

Συναγερμό στις ελληνικές υπηρεσίες, στο ΝΑΤΟ και την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση θα πρέπει να σημάνει το χθεσινό δημοσίευμα της έγκριτης ιαπωνικής εφημερίδας Asahi Shimbun με τίτλο «Japan’s energy pact with Turkey raises nuclear weapons concerns», σύμφωνα με το οποίο η Άγκυρα ζήτησε και πέτυχε την προσθήκη όρου στη σύμβαση για την κατασκευή του δεύτερου πυρηνικού σταθμού της Τουρκίας που επιτρέπει τον εμπλουτισμό ουρανίου και την εξαγωγή πλουτωνίου από χρησιμοποιημένο πυρηνικό καύσιμο. Το δημοσίευμα επικαλείται ανώνυμο αξιωματούχο του υπουργείου Εξωτερικών της Ιαπωνίας, σύμφωνα με τον οποίο ο όρος αυτός προστέθηκε εκ των υστέρων και κατ΄απαίτηση της ισλαμικής κυβέρνησης της Τουρκίας στη σύμβαση ύψους $22 δισ. με την Mitsubishi Heavy Industries και τη γαλλική Areva για την κατασκευή του δεύτερου πυρηνικού σταθμού στη Σινώπη του Εύξεινου Πόντου που υπεγράφη τον περασμένο Μάιο στην Άγκυρα, παρουσία του Ιάπωνα πρωθυπουργού Shinzo Abe. Η προσθήκη αυτού του όρου έχει προκαλέσει θύελλα αντιδράσεων στην Ιαπωνία καθώς έρχεται σε αντίθεση με την πολιτική της Μη Διάδοσης Πυρηνικών Όπλων που ακολουθεί η χώρα. Η επίμαχη διάταξη που επιτρέπει την κατασκευή πυρηνικών όπλων αναμένεται να τεθεί προσεχώς προς έγκριση από την ιαπωνική Βουλή.

Ο Τούρκος πρωθυπουργός Recep Tayyip Erdoğan παραβρέθηκε σήμερα μαζί με τον Ιάπωνα ομόλογό του σε τελετή για την ολοκλήρωση παραγωγής του δορυφόρου Türksat-4A στις εγκαταστάσεις της Mitsubishi Electric Corp. στο Τόκιο. Ο τηλεπικοινωνιακός δορυφόρος θα τεθεί σε τροχιά στα μέσα Φεβρουαρίου ενώ στο δεύτερο εξάμηνο του 2014 θα ακολουθήσει ο δεύτερος δορυφόρος Türksat-4B που θα προσφέρει τη δυνατότητα μετάδοσης τηλεπικοινωνιακών και τηλεοπτικών προγραμμάτων στην Τουρκία, στην Ευρώπη, την Ασία, τη Μέση Ανατολή και την Αφρική. Τον Τούρκο πρωθυπουργό συνόδευαν ο αντιπρόεδρος της κυβέρνησης Bülent Arınç, ο υπουργός Ενέργειας και Φυσικών Πόρων Taner Yıldız, ο υπουργός για θέματα ΕΕ Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, ο υπουργός Νεολαίας και Άθλησης Akif Çağatay Kılıç, ο υπουργός Οικονομικών Nihat Zeybekçi και ο υπουργός Άμυνας İsmet Yılmaz. Σύμφωνα με τουρκικές πηγές, οι δύο πλευρές συμφώνησαν στην ίδρυση «Τουρκο-Ιαπωνικού Πανεπιστημίου Επιστήμης και Τεχνολογίας» στην Κωνσταντινούπολη ενώ υπήρξαν διερευνητικές επαφές για αμυντική συνεργασία, συγκεκριμένα με την Mitsubishi Heavy Industries για τη δυνατότητα χρήσης του κινητήρα και συστήματος μετάδοσης ιαπωνικής κατασκευης στο υπό ανάπτυξη άρμα μάχης Altay καθώς και με τις Kawasaki Heavy Industries και Fuji Heavy Industries για συνεργασία σε κινητήρες αεροσκαφων και ελικοπτέρων.

Πηγή: http://strategyreports.wordpress.com...rkey/#comments

Αναρωτιέμαι ποιά θα είναι η αντίδρασή μας (και αν θα υπάρξει καθόλου αντίδραση).

Η είδηση είναι πρώτο θέμα στην Ιαπωνία.

Εξαγωγή πλουτωνίου δεν γνωρίζω να έχει γίνει αλλού.

[qwertyuiop]

Ευτυχώς που οι επόμενοι ηγέτες της τουρκίας θα είναι μετριοπαθείς και σεκιουλαριστές δυτικότροποι. Έχω γνωρίσει αρκετούς από αυτούς και το μέλλον είναι ελπιδοφόρο.

[Se7ev]

Ευτυχώς που οι επόμενοι ηγέτες της τουρκίας θα είναι μετριοπαθείς και σεκιουλαριστές δυτικότροποι. Έχω γνωρίσει αρκετούς από αυτούς και το μέλλον είναι ελπιδοφόρο.

ίσως. αλλα αμα ξαμολήσουν τους στρατηγούς (ίσως σε ενδεχόμενο θερμό επεισόδιο) δε θα έχει καμία σημασία

[KLG]

Για να ξεφύγουμε λίγο απο τη τουρκοφαγία και τουρκοφοβία.

Γαλλία+ΗΒ vs Γερμανία, πυρηνική ενέργεια vs ανανεωσιμες στη προσπάθεια μείωσης εκπομπών CO2.

Την Τετάρτη η ΕΕ αποφασίζει για τη μείωση εκπομπών CO2 και το ποσοστό ανανεώσιμων για το 2030.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25807492

[famous-walker]

Μιας και έχει να ανανεωθεί καιρό μερικά αντιπροσωπευτικά και όχι μεμονωμένα νέα.

August water leak at No. 1 far more toxic than announced: Tepco

Εκτός ελέγχου, μερικώς, η προσπάθεια για αποτροπή του μολυσμένου νερού απο το να φτάσει στην θάλασσα.

[Nozomi]

Όποιος δύναται, ας δει το Pandora's Promise.

Χαρακτηρίστηκε pro-nuclear, και ξεσήκωσε την μήνι των περιβαντολλογικών οργανώσεων, αλλά παρότι ξεκινάει υιοθετώντας την πολεμική τους για την ΠΕ, στο τέλος την καταρρίπτει καθώς επικεντρώνεται:

- στους ελάχιστους νεκρούς των μέχρι τώρα ατυχημάτων, παρά την γενική εντύπωση για το αντίθετο

- την λανθασμένη φιλοσοφία που προωθείται τελευταία περί εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας.
Στην πραγματικότητα, το ενεργειακό έλλειμμα είναι χαρακτηριστικό τριτοκοσμικών και αναπτυσσόμενων κοινωνιών.
Η ποιότητα ζωής και η υγεία μας βασίζονται στην επάρκεια ενέργειας (φανταστείτε την ζωή σας χωρίς ψυγείο, νοσοκομεία με διακοπές ρεύματος στα χειρουργεία κ.ο.κ) Δεν είναι τόσο μακρινό ενδεχόμενο, υπάρχουν κοινωνίες που τα βιώνουν !
Στην πραγματικότητα, ο βαθμός εκμετάλλευσης όλων των ενεργειακών πόρων της Γης, είναι ένδειξη του πόσο προηγμένος είναι ένας πολιτισμός, και σύμφωνα με την Κλίμακα του Καρντάσεφ, ο πολιτισμός μας είναι Τύπου I (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale), ενώ θα γίνουμε Τύπου II όταν αρχίσουμε να εκμεταλλεύομαστε τους ενεργειακούς πόρους του ηλιακού μας συστήματος...

- τις θεωρίες συνωμοσίας περί συγκάλυψης των οικολογούντων για την πυρηνική ενέργεια.
Σ' αυτό το σημείο, κάνει έναν πολύ εύστοχο παραλληλισμό με τους αρνητές της υπερθέρμανσης του πλανήτη, καθώς δεν υπάρχει καμμία διαφορά στα επιχειρήματα των μεν και των δε, όσο κι αν αυτό εξοργίζει τους οικολογούντες...

- δεν παραλείπεται η αναφορά στις προοπτικές της πυρηνικής σύντηξης, όπως και της ανακύκλωσης των πυρηνικών καυσίμων.

Αξιόλογο ντοκιμαντέρ, για όποιον θέλει να δει τον αντίλογο.